Neonatal weight loss and gain patterns in caesarean section born infants: integrative systematic review

There is evidence that caesarean section delivery can impact on neonatal weight loss and weight gain patterns in the first 5 days of life. We conducted an integrative systematic review to examine the association of mode of delivery on early neonatal weight loss. Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online were searched for relevant papers published before June 2019. Reference lists from the relevant papers were then backwards and forwards searched. As neonatal weight loss was reported in different formats, a meta‐analysis could not be carried out. Most studies did not distinguish between elective and emergency caesarean sections or instrumental and nonassisted vaginal deliveries. Seven papers were included. All papers except one found that caesarean section was associated with higher weight loss in the early days of life. Two papers presented data from studies on babies followed up to 1 month. One study found that on day 25, babies born by caesarean section had significantly higher weight gain than those born vaginally, while another found that by day 28, babies born vaginally gained more weight per day (11.9 g/kg/day) than those born by caesarean section (10.9 g/kg/day; p = .02). Overall, infants born by caesarean section lost more weight than those born vaginally, but due to the small number of studies included, more are needed to look at this difference and why it may occur. This discrepancy in weight between the two groups may be corrected over time, but future studies will need larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods to examine this.     

基于中医传承辅助平台研究儿童腹泻的推拿选穴规律

[目的]基于中医传承辅助平台(V2.0)软件,探讨辨病推拿治疗儿童腹泻病的选穴规律。[方法]收集中国知网数据库、万方数据库、重庆维普数据库1979—2019年文献中关于儿童腹泻病的辨病推拿处方,应用中医传承辅助平台(V2.0)软件,采用该软件的规则分析、改进互信息法等数据挖掘方法,分析40年来小儿腹泻病的辨病推拿处方选穴规律。[结果]儿童腹泻病的辨病推拿处方395个,涉及穴位83个,常用穴位21个,核心穴位组合46个,高频穴位中小儿推拿特定穴占66.67%,最核心组合为脾经、七节骨、大肠经、腹、龟尾、脊柱穴。[结论]辨病推拿治疗儿童腹泻病以健脾化湿、调理大肠气机功效的穴位为主,核心穴位为脾经与大肠经,推荐处方为脾经、七节骨、大肠经、腹、龟尾、脊柱穴。     

腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠疗效及对内分泌的影响.方法 选择2011年1月至2015年12月剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者57例,其中A组32例患者给予超声引导下清宫术治疗,B组25例患者给予腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗,比较两组患者出血量、住院时间、月经复潮时间、术后人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)降至正常时间,并发症情况及术前(T0)、术后第1d(T1)、第3d(T2)神经内分泌激素水平.结果 ①B组患者出血量低于A组,住院时间、月经复潮时间短于A组,比较差异有统计学意义(t出血量=31.85,k院时间=9.36,t月经复t潮时间=16.37,均P＜0.05);②B组患者并发症发生率为8.00％,低于A组的15.63％,比较差异有统计学意义(x2=9.35,P＜0.05);③B组T1、T2血清COR、β-EP、GLU水平低于A组(CORF交互=17.67,β-EPF交互=132.36,6LUF交互=155.38,均P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠微创优势明显,安全性高,对内分泌影响较轻.     

不同类型胎盘植入对剖宫产患者麻醉方式选择的影响

目的探讨不同类型胎盘植入对剖宫产患者麻醉方式选择及手术效果的影响。方法回顾性分析于我院行剖宫产手术的胎盘植入产妇300例,根据胎盘植入严重程度将其分为粘连组(181例)、植入组(73例)及穿透组(46例),分析3组的麻醉方式实施率、术中及术后凝血功能指标、并发症情况。结果粘连组椎管内麻醉实施率明显高于植入组和穿透组,全身麻醉和复合麻醉实施率明显低于植入组和穿透组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);植入组和穿透组全身麻醉实施率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),植入组椎管内麻醉实施率高于穿透组,复合麻醉实施率低于穿透组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组产妇术中PLT、APTT、Fib及术后APTT、Fib、PT比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);植入组和穿透组术中PT比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均低于粘连组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);粘连组术后PLT明显低于植入组和穿透组,且植入组术后PLT明显低于穿透组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粘连组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率低于植入组和穿透组,植入组上述并发症发生率均低于穿透组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);粘连组产妇弥散性血管内凝血、产后出血、产褥感染发生率低于植入组和穿透组,植入组上述并发症发生率均低于穿透组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粘连组新生儿NICU入住率、围生期死亡率均低于植入组及穿透组,植入组以上指标均低于穿透组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);粘连组新生儿Apgar评分高于植入组及穿透组,植入组新生儿Apgar评分高于穿透组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粘连组产妇出血量低于植入组和穿透组,植入组产妇出血量低于穿透组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于胎盘植入的产妇应预先了解其严重程度,从而选择适宜的麻醉方式,在无禁忌证的前提下,应以椎管内麻醉为主,并在围生期给与相应的处理措施。     

Obstetric emergencies

For more than 60 years the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths triennial reports and later reports from Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE-UK) have helped build a picture of maternity care within the UK highlighting not only our successes but failures in caring for women within the puerperal period. Despite most obstetric emergencies being well described and having clear management strategies and guidance, there continues to be substandard management with poor outcomes recorded. This article describes some common obstetric emergencies with which the anaesthetist will become involved. It emphasizes management related to some deficiencies identified in the MBRRACE-UK report as well as highlighting a multidisciplinary approach throughout. Good communication between team members is paramount in all aspects of medical care but this approach should be fostered routinely to ensure that rapid and appropriate decisions are made in a safe and timely manner.